The basin has a protracted history of volcanism, sedimentation, and faulting with the sedimentary deposits accumulating before about 2 million years ago (mya). Massive outcrops of volcanoes aside, the salient geographical features here are the escarpments dominated by Nguruman, and extending from the northern basin into the west lake margin. The Shombole Volcano (1,565 m) separates the Magadi and Natron sub-basins while Oldonyo Sambu (2,045 m) was the barrier during the Lower Pleistocene (Luque et al.
At times, Lakes Natron and Magadi were joined as one paleolake, Orolonga, but they are now separated after a shift that occurred around 9,000 BP (Baker 1958 Vanetti 2009/2010). Both Lakes Natron and Magadi are situated on the rift floor of the Eastern Rift Valley System (Gregory Rift), bounded to the east and north by volcanoes, and escarpments to the west (Fig. It is this river that provides most of the surface water to the lake. 1, 2) is a half graben that forms a long chain of tectonic basins, considerably larger than the northern half of the greater basin, i.e., the Magadi sub-basin and Ewaso Ngiro River floodplain in southern Kenya.
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